If the material is not available online, use the details of where and when the presentation took place.
If you already named the author or title in your sentence, and there is no locator available, you don’t need a parenthetical citation:
If a source is reproduced in full within another source (e.g. an image within a PowerPoint or a poem in an article), give details of the original source first, then include details of the secondary source as a container. For example:
If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only the author’s name (or the title).
Citing content reproduced in a PowerPoint
If this isn’t possible, cite the secondary source and use “qtd. in” (quoted in) in your in-text citation. For example: (qtd. in Smith 233)
To cite a PowerPoint or other slide-based presentation in MLA style, the format depends on how you viewed the presentation.
Picasso, Pablo. Guernica. 1937. Introduction to Art History, taught by James Wilson, 24 Sep. 2019, Duke University, Durham. Slide 7.
If the slides are available to view online, the format is similar to that for a website: provide the author and title of the presentation, the name of the site in italics, the date it was posted, and the URL.
- The author’s first name and last name
- The title of the publication/journal
- The title of the article or chapter
- The date of the publication
- The place of publication and publishing company
- The volume or edition of the publication
- The page number(s)
Most of the information is located either on the first or home pages, on the last pages or in sections titled “About”.
In APA style the bibliography page should be titled “References” and each entry must be added with hanging indentation. This means that the second and subsequent lines of each reference must be indented.
Example: Hopkins, C. (2001, March 8). Extraordinary life. Retrieved from www.CNN.com
Bibliography Basic Steps
As you will see, MLA style differs slightly from APA style but you are still required to use the same details of each source.
In this OneHowTo article we will explain the basic rules on How to Write a Bibliography.
- Example: Smith, Christopher. The Magical Book. Chicago: Barnes & Heff, 1999. Print.
The SEE MORE Act (2019). 116th Congress. Retrieved from Congress.gov website: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6800/text
The idea behind the SEE MORE Act (2019) is to exempt health care providers that utilize telehealth capabilities, specifically remote imaging, to treat chronic eye disease from specified Medicare requirements, such as geographic restrictions.
United States, Congress, Senate, Screenings for Eye Evaluation, Monitoring, Observation, Review, and Examination Act or the SEE MORE Act. Congress.gov, 2019. S.2020, 116th Congress, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2020/all-info. Accessed 24 June 2020.
Name of government, Name of the organizational unit (House or Senate), Name of the document, Publisher or Website Title, Year of original publication. Congress number (optional), Session number (optional), Number of the publication, link. Accessed Date.
Types of Legislative Sources
The SEE MORE Act (2019) intends to exempt telemedicine services that use remote imaging to treat chronic eye disease from specified Medicare requirements, such as geographic restrictions.
In academic writing, students have to cite sources to back up their claims or strengthen their arguments. Hence, this guide is designed for students to learn how to cite a federal document in APA and MLA referencing styles by observing the main principles and examples of citation entries, in-text citations, and footnotes.
Notably, it is only the MLA format that requires a student to indicate the organizational unit – Senate or House – responsible for the bill. As such, a citation for a bill originating from the House would replace “Senate” with “House” as follows:
Doer, Anthony. All the Light We Cannot See. Kindle ed., Scribner, 2014.
When the chapter’s author is different from the book’s editor or author. Chapters are usually cited when you use anthologies, multi-volume sets, or a foreword/afterword written by someone other than the book’s main author.
Author’s last name, First name. Title of the Book. Publisher, Year published.
Since the page numbers of an e-book can vary across e-reader, text preferences, and other factors, you should not include a page number. This is because a consistent page number does not exist. You can include section numbers (sec., secs.) or chapter numbers (ch., chs.) instead, if they exist and you feel it would be helpful.
Citing an E-book in MLA (found via an e-reader)
Place the author’s last name and the quote chapter number in parenthesis after the borrowed quote or information. Example: “Feeling that Peter was on his way back, the Neverland had again woke into life” (Barrie ch. 5).
If any important information is missing (e.g., author’s name, title, publishing date, URL, etc.), first see if you can find it in the source yourself. If you cannot, leave the information blank and continue creating your citation.
MLA is the style most often used in literature, language, history, art and theater subjects.
In case, there are multiple editions of the work, the in-text citation will be same as for books having one author, two authors, or more authors.
Last name, First name. “Title of the Article.” Newspaper Name Day Month Year, edition:Page numbers.
Now that you are aware of the necessities it is time to understand the nitty-gritty of performing the task with utmost expertise.
If the organization name is quite long, you may use common abbreviations to some words as listed below.
What Are They?
Last name, First name. “Title.” Name of the Magazine Day Month Year: page numbers.
Congressional session (if applicable and available). Place of Publication:
Government name. Name of the Government agency. Regional office / subsidiary division